The Reality Of Television Has On Store For Me Tonight

It is Monday morning and I am already thinking about what reality television has in store for me tonight. There are so many shows to choose from at prime time, so instead of making a hard decision, I simply plan to watch them all. From Basketball Wives and Black Ink Crew to Love and Hip-hop and The Real Housewives of Atlanta, my Monday night seems to be very eventful. It is something about the constant drama that keeps my glued to the TV screen – the constant shouting and fussing, not to mention the occasional fist fight. As I am watching, I can hear my roommate say, â€Å"Nyliesha, how can you watch this stuff?† â€Å"Doesn’t it give you a headache?† I have not thought about it, but how can I continue to watch these shows, week after week? It is†¦show more content†¦Many people cannot see these negative effects right away, but we all should be mindful to them for they help shape the society that we live in. Severe alcohol and drug use is an epidemic that many Americans struggle with every day. With this being the case, there are countless measures taken to prevent further abuse of these substances such as media coverage, policies and programs used to educate the masses about this ongoing problem. But reality television has not got on board with the anti-alcohol and drug abuse movement. On many reality television shows, alcohol and drug abuse are glamorized to viewers as if using these substances in a casual way is acceptable. It has been â€Å"noted that television watching habits may influence drinking behaviors because televised portrayals of alcohol use and its effects may greatly inform [peoples’] beliefs and attitudes about the substance. Therefore, the constant portrayal of casual drinking and drug use in reality television has a negative impact on the social development of society because people, especially the youth you framing their lives around what they see on TV. Not only does reality television glamorize drinking and drug abuse but it also presents excessive bullying with no

Femininity Essay - 584 Words

The New Femininity Femininity is not a word that we are encouraged to use these days. A lot of people would argue that femininity is the thing that keeps women obedient to men. However, there is a hidden assumption behind this term. The assumption is that masculinity is superior to femininity; that femininity is not a beautiful and powerful thing in its own right. I believe that women have something men do not have. Women have special qualities that belong to them as women, and they do not intend to suppress those special qualities. I think the world would be a much poorer place without femininity. ?gWhat means to be a womanh What first came to my mind was stereotypical. Passive, dependent, altruistic, intuitive emotionally open, and†¦show more content†¦One of the differences between two societies is the role of women at work. Japanese women who work at the firm are called ?gOL,?h which is the abbreviation of ?goffice lady.?h Their role at the company is occupied with routi ne business such as making copies, serving green teas, go on an errand, cleaning up the desks, and throwing out the trash. This is the cultural norm of Japanese society. Women are not assigned to do jobs that carry responsibilities and efforts. They are not considered to be liable for important tasks. Also, the role of women in the family is not considered to be important as men?fs. Most of the families in Japan have very domineering husbands. Women do all the housework without the help from men. Women also do not have the control over money matter. On the other hand, the American culture considers women as equals to men. Women at work have their own offices, men and women share their roles in the family, and they both have control over money matter. These two societies have the norm that has been changing over the decades. 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Thank You for Smoking Free Essays

In the movie Thank You for Smoking, Nick Naylor is a handsome man, smooth talking tobacco lobbyist and the vice-president of a tobacco lobby called the â€Å"Academy of Tobacco Studies†. Naylor’s job consists mainly of reporting the questionable research of the company to the public and defending Big Tobacco on television programs by questioning health claims and advocating their personal choice about cigarette. While Nick Naylor’s morals maybe questionable, he has the talent for whipping up an argument in his favor as he believes and tells his young son in his own words â€Å"if you argue correctly, you’re never wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on Thank You for Smoking or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Nick Naylor throughout the movie is trying to demolish the senator’s idea of having images of skulls and crossbones on every pack of cigarettes and the poison sign. Nick Naylor’s duty is to fight for his company in the worst and most hazardous times. His son Joey Naylor accompanies his father on every business trip. The reason why Naylor does that is so he can understand the intricacies of his job better and also trains his son to follow in his footsteps to learn about the art of molding the truth in personal favor. The big question is whether Nick Naylor has evolved morally at the end of the movie. From this question, there arises a set of central issues in the movie: does Nick Naylor’s ’s ability to spin control spin his moral compass in the right direction, and do his professional skills effect the evolution of his relationship with his son? Nick Naylor’s character in the movie embodies the art of spin control. Spin control is the act of manipulating the way an event is interpreted by others. Nick Naylor does that quite well. He never seems to be at a loss for words and always has an intelligent rebuttal on hand, even when he seems he is finished for good. He is a man who has the power of rhetoric and can argue any point of an issue even when it conflicts with what is generally accepted to be true. Hence, the ability to do this represents his art of spin control. Nick Naylor had a strong command of rhetoric and came out on top in all his arguments. He anchored all his arguments in a particular angle and that was his trick to his rhetoric skills. He believes the truth in any situation when dealing with it is unimportant as long as it can be manipulated by persuasion. He further sheds light on his point of view that it is mandatory to his job description to anchor arguments in his favor by stating that â€Å"Michael Jordan plays. Charles Manson kills people. I talk. Everyone has a talent†. In other words Nick Naylor takes pride in his Job by juxtaposing his career to the accomplishments of these popular individuals. As his Job as a tobacco lobbyist accounts for a decent number of deaths and by saying that since Charles Manson’s job requires him to involve in killing lets him backs up his argument when explaining the dynamics of his job which make it easier for people to hate him but he can’t be blamed because supporting smoking is part of his job. Nick Naylor lives by the mantra that â€Å" if you want an easy job, go work for that red cross. His self-confidence and how he presents himself through the art of persuasion makes him sound established. Thus there is no importance given to the moral implications of rhetoric, as he shows know ethical responsibility towards the society. Another place where he sparked his ability to spin control was when Nick Naylor resurrects his credibility by appearing at Senator Finistirre’s congressional committee. In his hearing he argues that there is already mass awareness about the danger of smoking. He emphasizes consumer choice and responsibility and, to the dismay of Senator Finistirre, claims that if tobacco companies are guilty of tobacco-related deaths, then perhaps Finistirre’s state of Vermont, as a major cheese producer, is likewise guilty of cholesterol -related deaths. This is another example where Nick Naylor again shows his ability to make himself sound established by not letting himself sink in guilt or remorse by showing the dichotomy between cheese and tobacco. Though cheese does not even skin the surface of tobacco, Nick Naylor succeeds in putting forth his argument. Thus he does not feel obliged to restrict his argument to any moral implication to what is right and uses his rhetoric skills to his own advantage. Secondly, the characterization of Naylor and the development of his relationship with his son give the story emotional weight in addition to its intellectual barbs. Naylor wants to be a good father, his ex-wife hates him but he makes it a point to take his son, Joey Naylor with him on every business trip though his wife does not approve of it. Joey’s company lets Nick question his own morality and the reason why he’s doing what he’s doing. One of the shots from the movie illustrates this scenario when Joey’s inquisitive personality stir’s up the conversation by asking his father about the instances where he could be wrong. Nick answers while on their way back from the food stand in the theme park that he could never be wrong and further explains by using the premise chocolate versus vanilla. During the father and son discourse the camera focuses on both the individuals and observes their keenness in respect to the conversation. Nick Naylor explains since there isn’t any better flavor and everyone can choose whichever one according to his or her preferences is the same reason why he could never be wrong. He brings light to the concept of freedom of choice. He states that if he has a strong grip on his belief that everyone has a freedom of choice then he could always mold his argument in his favor making him sound right. After Nick makes his justification and lets Joey process his reasoning as valid, exemplifies that Nick finds it important to let his son understand the context of his job. To Nick his son is his support and towards the end of the movie we see it as a more prevalent factor. There is an element of pathos that Naylor uses during the committee hearing. The most evident use of pathos is when he begins to speak about how education and parenting should be the foundation for youth to learn about the dangers of tobacco. Naylor also probably won the heart of some of the audience when mentioning his responsibility of appropriately parenting his young son. At this point he points out his young son who is part of the audience during the hearing. In all of Naylor’s encounters down the road he had his son by his side as his security blanket rather than a mediator of what is right and wrong. Joey also learnt a lot from accompanying his dad about the talking game from processing the many long talks and the professional encounters he accompanied his father to. Nick Naylor’s skills, which were passed down to Joey Naylor, were testified when he won a school debate. The movie does not conclude Nick Naylor to evolve personally in regard to his moral obligations as he opens up a private lobbying firm, in which we see him continuing on the same path, guiding a trio from the cellphone industry concerned about claims that cellphones cause brain cancer. Nick Naylor’s only achievement was his strong bond that he created with his son in the span of the movie and also managed to make his son understand and follow his footsteps of his manipulative art of argumentation. The father-son relationship that gives Nick’s character its redeeming quality, despite all the moral weaknesses with his character and job. His dedication to being the best dad he can possibly be is evident throughout. He approaches fatherhood with all the tenderness, love, and effort one can hope for from a weekend-divorced dad, albeit in a rather offbeat, unusual manner (since most dads are not sincerely trying to instill disturbingly distorted pro-tobacco, lobbyist-tactic moral lessons into their kids). He is a man who desperately wants to be a good family man, yet in an unconventional way. The ending does not satisfy the viewers who want to see Nick Naylor as a person who identifies ethics as a moral substance. The only reason he quit his job was not because he Realized to show some responsibility towards the society but called it off because of his lack of tolerance for his back stabbing boss. From the beginning towards the end of the movie the only betterment evident was Naylor finding himself fall deeper in his relationship with his son. He is also fruitful in teaching him how to give weightage to an argument without looking at the worthy qualities of it. Thus, it all boils down to the fact that Nick Naylor is still entitled to the same opinion that cool and fast-talking is more important than whether you are doing good or evil. How to cite Thank You for Smoking, Essay examples Thank You for Smoking Free Essays Ethical issues brought up in the movie, â€Å" Thank You for Smoking† : When Nick Naylor appears on the talk show along side with the cancer patient and he basically turns the situation around so that the tabocco industry isn’t to blame for the young boy being diagonosed with cancer from smoking, and in fact by people dying from using their product the industry wouldn’t be making any profit. The â€Å"mod squad†, which stands for merchants of death, in the movie, all the people who are a part of this group are well aware that the products that they sell and promote are generally appealing to the younger generation that contributes to hundreds and thousands of deaths a year, yet they continue to defend them. In one scene Naylor is helping his son do homework, he teaches his son about how to argue something he is writing about. We will write a custom essay sample on Thank You for Smoking or any similar topic only for you Order Now Naylor says ,† that’s the beauty of arguement, because if you argue correctly you’re never wrong†. This is teaching his son that no matter what he side he decides to be on, if he keeps on argueing and finds some usable facts to support his arguement he will always be right. Naylor doesn’t address the issues head on necessarily, in fact the way he approaches how to argue that tobacco is poison and that you shouldn’t smoke it etc, is he simply just goes with his theory of every individuals has the right to choose what they what to do, or listen too. When a member of the mod squad is visiting Nick in the hospital after he nearly died of a nicotine over dose, he places a gun on the table right in front of Joey, Nick’s son. Immediatly Joey is intrigued with the weapon, then retracts his actions and says, â€Å" gunsshould be treated with respect†. The other member swats his hand away, and is clearly annoyed by his behaviour which then makes me think of them as hypocrits. The captain sends a briefcase full of money to Naylor’s hotel when he is in California and tell’s him that he must visit â€Å"Marlboro Man†, Lorne Lutchwho has been diagnosed with Cancer. Naylor is to try and bribe Lutch into accepting the money in exchange for silence, and to retract all his previous comments towards the tobacco industry. In this scene Naylor is very good at convincing the Marlboro Man into taking the money, simply because he uses his best tactics of negotiation to lure him into thinking that by taking the money he might feel better about himself in the sense that now he has money to perhaps be able to pay medical bills to help him prolong his life. Give him the right reatment and he might just fight the cancer. Social Responsibility in Thank You for Smoking I think that the part when Senator Finistirre is doing his speech about putting the poison logo on every cigarette package is an example of social responsibility. Because as the Senator of Vermont, he is standing up against the tobacco industry and educating the younger generation as well as the older, of how harmful it is. Society as a whole will eventually embrace this campaign and learn how to educate others of tobacco use. In 1952, Readers digest slammed the tobacco industry by stating that it had some health risks associated with smoking. This then lead to the invention of â€Å"filters† in cigarette’s and thus resulted in more people buying the product. This is an example of social responsibility because when there were public outcry’s of how unhealthy it was smoking the cigarette’s (back in the 50’s) the tobacco industry improvised and came out with a solution to diminish the amount of chemicals being inhaled. Speaking to the press, Naylor swears he will clear the names of those mentioned in the Heather Holloway’s recent article, where she bashes Naylor as well as the Mod squad. (? ) Ethics and Social Responsibility – Tana In the movie Thank You for Smoking, there are quite a few examples where you will find how ethics and social responsibility is exercised, and not always in a positive way. The main character Nick Naylor, is a lobbyist who works for a Tobacco Company. Naylor is a smooth talker who slyly turns the words around in a conversation and turns it on the people who are against him. How to cite Thank You for Smoking, Papers

Marketing and Customer Engagement Free-Samples for Students

Question: Your task is to Critically Analyse Social Media Marketing Activities of Your Chosen Organization. Answer: Introduction In the present competitive business environment, organizations look to use different tools for maximizing the impact on the market. Now, increasing popularity of internet and social media platforms has provided a new dimension for the businesses in order to reach to their potential customers. Darrell Lea Confectionaryis a New South Wales based Australian organization that manufacture and sells chocolate and other confectionary products. Increasing reach of global organizations has induced Darrell Lea to use digital platform for integrated marketing communication. Moreover, Darrell Lea was established in the year of 1927 but has not able to expand its reach it the Australian market (dlea.com.au, 2017). For that reason, it is looking to use digital platform to reach maximum number of customers in Australian market. Summary of social media use, objectives and effectiveness: As chocolate and other confectionary product manufacturer, Darrell Lea has focused on utilizing all the popular social media platforms in order to reach to maximum number of potential customers. Darrell Lea has focused on following the path of other prime confectionery products manufacturers of utilizing all the popular social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter and Instagram for maximizing the sales volume in Australian market. Like any other confectionery manufacturer organization, Darrell Lea has focused on developing a colorful image on the social media platforms. For that reason, it has focused on utilizing conventional methods of posting colorful pictures of the products, videos and other graphics. Thus, it has not focused on introducing something new things through the social media platforms in order to increase the popularity in the Australian market. In fact, many times Darrell Lea has posted similar content on the social media platform, which has affected the overall pop ularity of the organization. As a result, Darrell Lea has not able to position itself uniquely in the Australian market. Darrell Lea has very limited activities on Twitter platform, which has affected the overall popularity of the organization in a major way. On the other hand, Australian chocolate and confectionery market is becoming extremely competitive with time. For that reason, all the prime organizations hare using different marketing and promotional tools to ensure continues success in the global market (Berthon et al., 2012). As a result, it is creating more challenges for Darrell Lea to keep its popularity in the Australian market. SWOT analysis: Strengths Weaknesses Darrell Lea has focused on including all the popular social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and LinkedIn for gaining popularity in the market Darrell Lea is present in Australian market for more than 90 years, which is likely to create positive impact on the effectiveness of the social media marketing Darrell Lea has not able to establish its presence in all parts of Australian market. Therefore, many people has not recognize the organization as a considerable brand in confectionery sector Darrell Lea has primarily focused on following the market trend for fulfilling all the social media activities. Therefore, it has not provided any new things to look for. Opportunities Threats Increasing popularity of all the social media platforms is likely to provide massive opportunity to Darrell Lea to reach to maximum number of potential customers Darrell Lea has use variety of product range that comprises over 500 products to maximize the impact on business procedure (Erdo?mu? Cicek, 2012) Increasing competition has induced all the competitors to look for different innovative strategies, which is likely to reduce the impact of Darrell Leas social media marketing strategy Table 1: SWOT analysis (Source: Tuten Solomon, 2014) Usage pattern of each tool: As per the article by Heymann-Reder (2012), organizations will have to be extremely careful at the time of developing strategies for social media marketing. Otherwise, it will be very difficult to cover all aspect of the business in a comprehensive manner. The popularity level of Darrell Lea on different social media platform is provided as follows: Figure 1: Social media popularity of Darrell Lea (Source: dlea.com.au, 2017) From the above figure, it is clear that Darrell Lea has failed to create significant amount of popularity on all the social media platforms. Specifically, the popularity level of Darrell Lea on Twitter and LinkedIn is very limited. It highlights the fact that the organization has not focused on utilizing frequent posts for developing strong relationship with the customers (Vinerean et al., 2013). As a result, majority of the people does not consider these platforms as communication network. Hence, it has affected the overall profitability of using social media marketing on Australian market (De Vries, Gensler Leeflang, 2012). However, Darrell Lea has tried to utilize Facebook for resolving any complains of the customers. For that reason, it has able to create some popularity on Facebook in the Australian market. However, limited popularity on all other social media platforms are increasing challenges for the organization to keep its position in the global market. Recommendation: By assessing the popularity level of Darrell Lea in different social media platforms, it can be assessed that the organization is not using social media tools as the integrated marketing network. For instance, limited activities on Instagram and Twitter have affected the overall popularity of the organization in Australian market. For that reason, appropriate use of all the social media tools is the recommended way of creating desired impact on the market (Papasolomou Melanthiou, 2012). Moreover, Darrell Lea needs to focus on developing effective communication channel with the use of social media in order to understand changing needs and preferences of the customers. Conclusion: The above illustration has highlighted the fact that appropriate use of social media tools is necessary for creating maximum impact on the targeted market. Therefore, organizations need to focus on developing innovative strategies to encourage people to follow each post of the organization in social media platforms. Moreover, organizations also look to develop well-structured communication network with social media platforms for creating desired impact on the targeted market in a comprehensive way References: Berthon, P. R., Pitt, L. F., Plangger, K., Shapiro, D. (2012). Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy.Business horizons,55(3), 261-271. De Vries, L., Gensler, S., Leeflang, P. S. (2012). Popularity of brand posts on brand fan pages: An investigation of the effects of social media marketing. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(2), 83-91. dlea.com.au. (2017).Darrell Lea. Retrieved 1 May 2017, from https://www.dlea.com.au Erdo?mu?, ?. E., Cicek, M. (2012). The impact of social media marketing on brand loyalty.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,58, 1353-1360. Heymann-Reder, D. (2012).Social Media Marketing. Addison-Wesley Verlag. Papasolomou, I., Melanthiou, Y. (2012). Social media: Marketing public relations new best friend.Journal of Promotion Management,18(3), 319-328. Tuten, T. L., Solomon, M. R. (2014).Social media marketing. Sage. Vinerean, S., Cetina, I., Dumitrescu, L., Tichindelean, M. (2013). The effects of social media marketing on online consumer behavior.International Journal of Business and Management,8(14), 66.

Piaget Moral Development Theory and Stages

This paper is my reflection on aggression behavior basing on Piaget’s model of moral development. I learnt that aggressive acts are diverse, and are grouped into two categories: hostile aggression and instrumental aggression. Hostile aggressions are acts or deeds which focus on deliberately causing harm to another person. Instrumental aggression involves acts or deeds that focus on gaining access to space, privileges and objects.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Piaget: Moral Development Theory and Stages – Essay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discussion Pre-moral period I have always wondered how human beings develop aggressive behavior. After reading Piaget’s theory of moral development I now understand how a person’s aggressive behavior is developed and affects his/her own character. Piaget helps me understand that there are stages in which a moral behavior is developed by a person . Through his classification, I have learnt that the first stage is pre-moral period. This stage covers the first five years of a child’s growth, and during this period, a child has little or no awareness or respect for socially defined rules. Further, I learnt that aggressiveness behavior at this stage is determined by various factors such as biological issues, social influences, social contexts and environmental conditions. These factors have significant influence in learning aggressiveness and subsequent incorporation into a child response collection before they elicit to some external situations or stimulation from within a child. Consequently, I learn that aggression is learned and regulated by the child’s emerging cognitive system. From this perspective, child cognition is significant in upholding habitual aggressive behavior. While aggressive behavior is initially stimulated by various factors, it becomes more stable and consistent overtime as a child’s c ognition become more fully developed and more resistant to change. Heteronomous morality Also, I note that Piaget’s second stage of moral development is heteronomous morality. It is the first stage of moral development in which a child views the rules of authority figures as revered and unchangeable. In this stage, a child understands the differences between moral and social predictable misdeeds (Hutchison 53). Aggressive signs are observed in the second year of life and a child aged two to three years shows emotional reaction indicative of aggressions and engages in a behavior response to mishap.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Further, I discovered that there are two roles which contribute in the transition from heteronomous to autonomous morality. These roles are cognitive maturation. Cognitive maturation involves decline in egocentrism and development of role taking skills . Another factor I identified is social experience. This factor is where a child comes into contact with peers, thus, decreasing his/her respect for adult authority, increases self-respect and respect for peers and demonstrates that rules are subjective agreements (Hutchison 76). Autonomous morality Besides the two stages, I also discovered the autonomous morality forms part of aggression development. Piaget helps me to understand that this stage makes a child realizes that rules are subjective agreements that can be changed and challenged with the sanction of the people they govern. Hence, a child can show signs which are disliked by the peers, thus, when he/she notices this, she/he becomes weak, socially inhibited and disinclined to fight back. I also understand that a child who has adjustment problems faces problems such as anxiety, depression, weak self-esteem and dislike for school (Hutchison 94). Some children remain highly aggressive because of their environment and maintain aggressive habits. Developing conscience is associated with aggression. When a child displays evidence of spontaneous reparation, confessions and aggressiveness towards other’s wrongdoing is an indicative sign of aggressiveness behavior. Works Cited Hutchison, D. Elizabeth. Dimensions of human behavior: the changing life course. 4th ed. California: Sage Publications, 2011. Print This essay on Piaget: Moral Development Theory and Stages was written and submitted by user Darth Maul to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Analyse the techniques Essay Example

Analyse the techniques Essay Example Analyse the techniques Essay Analyse the techniques Essay Essay Topic: The Metamorphosis At the beginning of this short movie, it doesnt look like anything bad is going to happen, this makes the audience suspicious and want to watch more. I thought the quality of the performance was good, the effectiveness of the make-up, like in the opening, set in the late 50s, early 60s and the make up is set to that era. Michael is wearing red, throughout the movie, making him the dominant male and to make him stand out from everyone else. I thought the special effects for the early 80s were pretty well done. Jackson decided to produce the Thriller video to promote the song. This made him big, and both young and old liked the movie. The film is divided into six scenes, the editor jumps from the 50s to the 80s. When this jump happens, the costumes change; Michael and Ola are in now in the cinema. The editing helps create an atmosphere/mood; a form of gothic genre is successfully created. Subdued lightning, the graveyard, living dead, and the gothic derelict house help contribute to the atmosphere/mood of this pop movie. Michael and Olas romantic moment starts with an establisher shot, a very common shot to start with. We first see the Cadillac, which is from the same era; coming closer to us, but then the gas, mysteriously runs out. Michael and Ola get out and start to walk into the woods; Michael is wearing a red jacket with red trousers, which makes the audience view him as the dominant male. Ola, on the other hand, is wearing a pink dress, with white shoes; her hair is short and sways. I thought that their relationship was very soppy. My personal views on the effectiveness of the close-up shots during the metamorphosis are rather mixed. I felt that the close up shots of his different body parts changing into the werewolf were pretty slow. At one point, there is a close up shot of Michaels hand changing and whilst it was changing, Michael just stood there; I would think a werewolf would be more active. The production crew used editing to enable make-up artists to build up the werewolf mask, which was made of latex rubber. Special effects were repeated to make the audience feel anxious, Elmer Bernsteins scary music helped to great tension. During the chase, there was symbolisms of moon shots, lots of POVS, such as when Michael is about to pounce on Ola. We see it from her POV looking up at him then from Michaels POV looking down on Ola, to make us feel like were actually that person. A flash-forward jump cut brings us to the early 80s. Michael and Ola are wearing completely different clothes than in the 50s. Now that we are in the 80s, I feel Michael and Olas relationship looks more stable. The use of a long dolly shot, makes us feel as if we were walking beside them, using CO2 helps set the scene, makes the graveyard feel dark and gloomy. The effectiveness of the lighting creates a mood round the graveyard and buildings. Michaels brilliant dance skills were put to the test when he did an unchoerographed dance around Ola. As Michael and Ola get closer to the graveyard, zombies start emerging from graves, tomb and vaults. A few camera shots were used such as medium shots, close ups and over the shoulder shot. The effectiveness of the zombies clothes and make-up brought them to life; dirty, grubby clothes made them look real. When the zombies surround Micheal and Ola, the music starts and Ola is basically standing there watching. Micheal and the zombies are dancing to the song Thriller; the zombies have stiff movements, synchronized steps. The production crew must have cut the film for Michael to change his appearance into a zombie. Clever choreography by Vincent Price brought the zombies and Michael alive. Ola is just standing there watching, which is a bit strange; I thought she would be more involved in the zombie dance. Lots of SFX were used during the Breaking and Entering scene. Ola runs into the derelict house, a close-up to extreme close up on Ola. As the zombies close in on Ola, camera tilted up to show POV shot, through Olas eyes; shot develops to close up, then extreme close up on Olas eye. Dubbing of the sound effects, such as the windows, which were made of sugar glass; walls made from thin wood and cardboard; floor, the effect of the atmospheric music by Elmer Bernstein, builds to a crescendo. A jump cut happens, to Michaels house and all is normal. Frozen picture on Michael, turning towards camera, slow zoom to close up/extreme close up on his yellow feline eyes; haunting laughter from Vincent Price, credits appear, there is a reprise of zombie dance and the zombies return to their graves. Overall, I feel that this promotional video, Thriller by Michael Jackson is now rather dated; were talking of a 23-year-old movie. Some of the special effects are rather basic now and look fake, especially the metamorphosis. I did like Michaels unchoerographed dance around Ola and how effective it was in the movie. The clothes were set the right eras but now looking from this day and age, they look rather dated.

Is Your State Governed by Daubert or Frye Term Paper

Is Your State Governed by Daubert or Frye - Term Paper Example by using experience and common sense, professional witness give conclusions on the basis of the knowledge and practices beyond the average judge’s comprehension (Suzanne, 1996). Consequently, statement by unpoliced professional witness can possibly have a biased effect on the judge, who might tend to be more inclined to believing that that the statement is exclusively based on the expert status of the witness. How can the trial jury be in a position of determining whether the professional is just speculating, or even whether the proof on which the professional is basing their statement is adequate to support the ruling? Certainly, the lay witness is prevented from speculation by the jury and can direct rulings when there is adequate evidence in support of a finding. Then is the screening of professional witness by a judge different from this practice? This is a question that poses weighty issues regarding the nature of the role of the judges. In order to be in a position of ma king an informed judgment concerning whether to admit a professional, the jury would appear to require at least a modicum of professionalism in the field of witness. In Robinson, which involved a professional testimony regarding whether a DuPont fertilizer harmed the pecan trees of Robinsons, we find that the Supreme Court of Texas maintained that the Texas’ Civil Evidence Laws not only need a professional witness to be qualified, but also to offer statement that is relevant and also on the basis of a credible foundation. Nevertheless, in so doing, Robinson sufficiently adopted the standard of Daubert. The main difference in the case of Robinson was the fact that the Supreme Court of Texas had never adopted the ‘general acceptance’ standard of Frye that was particularly dismissed in Daubert, but instead had used an examination of whether the professional testimony ‘helped the fact’s trier’ under the 702 Rule. However, the Supreme Court of Texas perceived the credibility and

Genetics and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Genetics and Society - Essay Example This number will surely rise after the Supreme Court ruling in the Maryland v. King hearing. The court stated that law enforcers are allowed to collect DNA from people who are arrested but not charged or find guilty of any crime. DNA databases are employed to help in identifying, tracking, cataloging, apprehending and the subsequent prosecution of crime perpetrators. Currently, international and national law enforcement agencies freely exchange DNA profiles that are collected from crime scenes to reveal serial perpetrators. These profiles are later used to solve crimes around the world (DNA analysis, 2003). By the year 2010, the United States of America had collected 7.8 million DNA samples to have the biggest database in the world. They also had three hundred thousand forensic profiles. The country with the second most extensive DNA profiles is the United Kingdom with five million profiles. In the United States, California has 1.2 million offender DNA profiles; they boast the third biggest database in the world (Dnaforensics.com, 2015). Every cell in our bodies contains DNA and people leave cells behind without even knowing it. Some of the most ordinary bits that people leave around are blood drops, skin flakes, saliva and even hair; all these contain DNA that can be used to identify us. DNA forensics is heavily dependent on these small DNA bits that are later studied and tested to link criminals to committed crimes. It is a fascinating science that is commonly portrayed as simple, fallible, and an exact method of revealing the perpetrators and bringing them to justice by television shows. In the real world, testing the DNA samples collected from a crime scene, for example; a fingerprint and determining a match between a suspect and a crime is a complicated process. Such a process relies heavily on probability than most people realize (Forensicsciencecentral.co.uk, 2015). The

Youth Unemployment in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Youth Unemployment in UK - Essay Example According to the report, which defines youth as the age between 16 to 24 years, individuals claiming allowances for jobseekers rose from 5,300 to 1.6 million in October 2011. In general, the rate of youth unemployment has gone just past twenty percent, the highest ever recorded since 1992. Some economists have attributed these results to the reeling effects of the 2009 recession to the increase in the number of youths leaving school or university. That is the convectional belief. The government of UK blames the rise in unemployment on the deteriorating job market and the effects of the euro-zone debt crisis. Chris Graylin, employment minister, gave a statement blaming the euro-zone troubles for increasing unemployment rates. Graylin called for the government to help the youth through schemes such as the government initiated work experience and work program that have placed several people out of benefits into workplaces. Lord Oakeshott, a Liberal Democrat, dismisses the ministerâ€⠄¢s view blaming the government policy of cutting spending as reason behind the rise (Shimer, 2010:45). He says that the government has been cutting its spending budget too fast and too far, pushing the rate of borrowing and unemployment high. The recent employment scheme adopted by the government, the New Deal, has the objective of reducing the long-term unemployment rates among older workers and youths. The scheme includes employment training and employment subsidies for the participants. There is need to define unemployment in order to understand the issues of youth unemployment. According to International Labor Organization, unemployment is actively searching for economic employment/ work without success. Some economic critics claim that there are jobs for the youth; it is only that the youth are not willing to work hard and are unreliable. A recent feature in the Telegram by Alasdair Palmer concerning the recent report by ONS, the author of the feature gives an example of emplo yer from a fruit grower company complaining about the lack of English recruits in the region’s labor market (Palmer, 2011:21). The fruit grower has 300 workers in the farm, and only one is English. According to the fruit grower, the jobs are there but the English are not willing to drop the unemployment benefits they enjoy and some request to be paid cash. The author goes ahead and gives another industry where Briton youths are unemployed: bars and restaurants. According to the author, Britons youths are unreliable and rude to customers. An analyst would most likely advocate for abolition of minimum wage or temporary imposition of moratorium on it to create more employment opportunities. Nevertheless, this has not been any successful, at least in research. A research by Institute of Fiscal Studies indicates that the minimum wage system has no direct effect to the level of unemployment. The report raises concerns that withdrawal of the benefits upon taking a job and reduction of the minimum wage rate would result to inability of people to live on the offered amount sustainably (Boeri & Ours, 2008:44). According to Dr Jonathan Wadsworth from London School of Economics, the youth do not lack employment because they are work shy or because of the minimum wage. According to him, the employees are not willing to employ them. Older people already in work positions have accepted pay cuts and pay freeze in order to maintain their jobs. This means that most employees have managed to maintain their job position, resulting to the low rate of unemployment that resulted from the recession. Despite this, the result means that employers have not been absorbing new employees who are traditionally youth. Such policies are the causes of

An Examining Of The Great Commission Religion Essay

An Examining Of The Great Commission Religion Essay God authorized and commanded me to commission you: Go out and train everyone you meet, far and near, in this way of life, marking them by baptism in the threefold name: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Then instruct them in the practice of all I have commanded you. Ill be with you as you do this, day after day, right up to the end of the age. (Matt 28:18-20 The Message) 18 And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth. 19 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: Â  20Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world. Amen. (Matt 28:18-20 KJV) Introduction The Gospel of Matthew ends Jesus meeting with His apostles in Galilee. This was a special meeting and would change the course of world history in many ways. The meeting was foretold by Jesus in Matthew 26:31-32 : 31 Then Jesus said to them, You will all fall away because of me this night. For it is written, I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered. 32 But after I am raised up, hI will go before you to Galilee. This meeting was announced both by an angel (Matt 28:78) and Jesus Himself (Matt28:10). It was a meeting filled with mixed emotions. Some had run away and others had denied Him before His death. Now He stood before them, alive. Their reaction was to bow down in worship (Matt 28:16-17) I was a meeting in which Jesus gave His disciples a command that we now refer to a the great commission. Someone once said that this was seen by many Christians as the great suggestion, but it is a command that lies at the heart of the Church and from which she operates. The command ends with the beautiful promise that He would always be with them. This is not something to be ignored, but to be a constant part of the Churchs functioning as well as that of every believer. I will be looking at what makes this commission so GREAT. I Great in its Authority To Jesus was given all authority. As the creator, He is the One who has the original right to do all things: For by1 him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities-all things were created through him and for him. And is before all things, and in him all things hold together. (Colossians 1:16-1) What higher authority than the creator Himself to issue such a command. As our Redeemer, this authority is even more pronounced: who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but made himself nothing, taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.(Philippians2:6-11) Jesus has all authority both in heaven and on earth(1 Pet 1:1-5, Eph 1:20-23). This is the authority with which He speaks and this is the authority to which we must react. Nobody has a higher authority. No government or organization can in any way cancel His authority. There is no political system or philosophy that is above His authority. The Bible;e says that He is above all the kings of the earth (Rev 1:5, Psa 2:1-12;110:1-6) Jesus certainly deserves our obedience to Him. He is speaking with an authority that is above this world. While humans can be fallible, Jesus can and will deliver on His promises. Even His promises comes with the highest authority (2 Pet 1:2-5) It is on the basis of such great authority that Jesus give the great commission. Not only great in authority, but also great in mission. II Great in Mission The mission is the focus, the direction in which we must travel. It is the mission that guides our wlak through life in obedience to Jesus. We are to make disciples. The word used here is the Greek word Matheteuo which is defined as to become a pupil; to disciple, i.e. enrol as scholar:be disciple, instruct, teach. We are to make learners, adherents and imitators of Jesus Christ. Even during His ministry on earth, Jesus was continually inviting people to become His disciples (Matt 4:18-22; 11:28-30). When inviting them, He expected them to become like Him : A disciple is not above his teacher, but everyone when he is fully trained will be like his teacher. (Luke 6:40) Jesus tells us how to go about making disciples. He gives us not only a command, but also the way to obey that command. Firstly by baptizing in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Baptism for the forgiveness of sins (Acts 2:38; 22:16) Baptism in water (Acts 8:35-38; 10:47-48) A burial of the old (Rom 6:3-6; Col 2:11-12) Secondly by teaching them to observe the things He taught and commanded. Baptism is only the beginning. Teaching must continue afterwards. This was the case with the early disciples (Acts 2:41-42). Jesus said that both baptism and ongoing teaching is what is essential to true discipleship. Not only great in authority, and great in mission, the great commission was also great in scope. III Great in Scope The command was FOR ALL NATIONS. They were to go into all the world and preach to everyone (Mark 16:15). They were to be witnesses to the utmost parts of the earth (Acts 1:8). They were to leave no stone unturned so to speak. This was not limited to only Israel as we find in Matthew 10, but to every nation under the sun. While Israel had been the focus of Gods salvation plan up to that point, now, with the work of Jesus on the cross, all nations, Jews and non Jews could become fellow heirs to the Kingdom of God (Ephesians 2:11-22). Jesus wants us to think globally, not just locally. While we should not ignore our local community, we should also think of those outside our own small world. As human being we have a tendency to focus on our little reality. We do not look outside of the few people we know or encounter each day, and that is where we start with the Gospel, but that is no where is should stop. The work of salvation is available to all Gods creatures. All the various nations are a part of that creation and all have the salvation work of Jesus available to them as a gift of grace. The great commission has great authority, is great in its mission, great in its scope, and great in its promise. IV Great in its Promise Jesus said that He will always be with us. This promise is similar to the one He made earlier to His apostles: For where two or three are gathered in my name, there am I among them. (Matthew 18:20) It is similar to a promise He made to those who follow His commandments:: I will not leave you as orphans; I will come to you. Yet a little while and the world will see me no more, but you will see me. k Because I live, you also will live. In that day you will know that I am in my Father, and you in me, and I in you. Whoever has my commandments and keeps them, he it is who loves me. And he who loves me swill be loved by my Father, and I will love him and manifest myself to him. Judas (not Iscariot) said to him, Lord, how is it that you will manifest yourself to us, and not to the world? Â  Jesus answered him, If anyone loves me, he will keep my word, and my Father will love him, and we will come to him and make our home with him. (John 14:18-2) It is a promise similar to the one God Gave to Moses (Exo 3:11-12) Joshua (Josh 1:5) The nation of Israel (Isa 41:10) I is a promise that provides comfort, especially in times of oppression (Rom 8:31-38; Heb 13:5-6) This promise is also to the end of time. It extends even to when the great harvest will occur (Matt 13:39-43). Throughout the Christian age, Jesus will forever be with His disciples as they go into all the world making disciples. Through the Holy Spirit, we receive the necessary gifts to not only encourage each other, but also to enable us to put the great commission into action. V Conclusion The great commission is not only limited to the apostles. It is important to note that the disciples were to observe all things that I commanded you. The disciples were also to observe this command along with all the other teachings of Jesus. The command does not stop with the original disciples, but carries on until the end of time. The great commission is a commission for the Church as well. The question is whether we are honoring the great commission in our lives today. There are some things we can do to check if we are: Are we submitting to the authority of Jesus? Are we working, in whatever capacity to make disciples of Jesus? Are we striving to make disciples in all the nations of the world? Are we abiding in His words and thereby making sure His abiding presence is in our lives? Shortly after Jesus gave the great commission, Jesus ascended into heaven. His earlier disciples took that commission and as a result did great things with it. As a final word I would like to add a poem written by Greg Steir, which puts the focus of our responsibility for the great commission into focus: Dont Bother Me Dont bother me with souls to save. I have my own agenda. Theres work to do, sports to play, Important things to attend to. Dont bother me with that little girl, The girl playing in the street. Shes much too young to understand The Saviour she could meet Dont bother me with my friend at work. Hes got his own religion. I dont have time to change his mind. Hell make his own decision. Dont bother me with the distant sounds I hear, The sound of people screaming. Although I wonder who they are. Who are these victims shrieking? Dont bother me with who they are. I really dont want the blame. For its the little girl and my friend at work Who from hell scream out my name. But dont bother me.

Valleyfair Essay -- Personal Narrative Amusement Parks Essays

Valleyfair â€Å"Come on, guys,† I yelled at my family, which consists of my mom Madonna, my father John, and my two sisters Alissa and Kara, as I ran frantically across the jam-packed parking lot to the opening gate that led to a world of adventure. As wide as the world around, my eyes pierced at the doorway to a world of fun. Families, of all sizes, were enjoying all the possibilities of fun. Hearing laughter and frightening screams, warned me of the experience waiting for me within the doorway to everlasting amazement. The sweet baked smell of funnel cakes swarmed into the fresh morning air. Before I knew it, my family and I were ready to enter Valleyfair, an amusement park that offers summertime fun to the maximum. As soon as I passed through the opening gate, all my worries and fears of the world drifted away. At Valleyfair, I was a different person, a person ready to experience extreme adventure. At a steady pace, my family and I began our adventure. Not far from the opening gate, I glanced at the first ride I was going to experience, the Cork Screw. The whole entire family was going to ride on the rollercoaster, even my sister Alissa who is terrified of coasters. As I walked up the narrow path that led to the Cork Screw, I could see that there was a large number of people waiting to get onto the ride. While waiting patiently to board the coaster, I gazed up in awe at the Cork Screw, one of the newer roller coasters, which sparkled high above our heads. Twirling hoops and loops were the main attraction of this roller coaster. Nevertheless, before I knew it, it was our turn to ride the Cork Screw. As soon as I entered onto the platform, I bolted towards the first car seat of the roller coaster. Following me slowl... ...reme adventure. â€Å"See you next year,† I thought to myself. I turned around and followed my family to our car. What a day I had had. Valley Fair offers me a day of no worries. Once I walk into the park, all my worries drift away. Whenever my family goes to Valley Fair, I let myself forget all my worries and fears for a day. I do not care what my future holds, but care only about what I am doing at that point in time. Valley Fair is my haven! As anyone can see, Valley Fair is a great place for families to experience summertime fun to the maximum. With over 75 rides and attractions, there is a ride for everyone to enjoy. Given that adventure comes by the minute at Valley Fair, a full day is needed to enjoy this park of adventure and thrill. So, the next time you are in the Minneapolis area, why not stop and spend a day at Valley Fair. You will not regret it!

Sticks and Stones

A The words unspoken and actions undone may possibly remain so, but what is done cannot be undone, and if you cause a situation to go from bad to worse, the consequences of your deed will come to haunt you. This is what the main character of Trezza Azzopardi’s short story â€Å"Sticks and Stones†, Lewis, has experienced. Lewis accepts things as they are, even though he wants to change them: â€Å"[†¦]he imagines he’s the kind of person that challenges teachers like Stott and Walker, the kind that the Headmaster takes seriously. (pages 9-10, lines 61-62). The quote supports the statement and also implies he is a person who blends in, and more importantly, that he does not want to stand out. Hence, he has adapted to his environment because he feels it is the safest thing to do. This has been caused by his mother, who has told him that â€Å"It’s the survival of the fittest† throughout his whole life. Paul Fry is not peer of Lewis’, but Le wis given his trait of staying in the background emphasizes with him surprisingly much.The ability to emphasize so much with Paul causes Lewis to go against his guts that tells him to mind his own matters, so it must have struck a nerve. Being able to identify with Paul so well means he has experienced something akin to Paul’s inflections, which the small portion of his past underlines: â€Å"Don’t be such a baby. [†¦]boys will be boys. It’s human nature. † (page 10, line 69). He sees himself in Paul Fry, and consequently wants to help because he had no help to claim himself.Lewis’ profession is not stated in the text, but it implicitly indicates that he is a teacher. For instance, the Headmaster catches him after class: â€Å"The next day, Harris (Headmaster) came and found him after class. † (page 10, line 79). Moreover, Paul Fry is a student and when Lewis comes home, he has new information about Paul Fry to tell his girlfriend, Anna : â€Å"[†¦]he wanted to tell her (Anna) about Paul Fry. [†¦]Later, she’d sigh when he came in from work, [†¦]†What’s happened now? † she’d ask† (page 11, lines 98-102).The jump and the whole incident lie to the past, though. The short story is about Lewis reflecting on the past, which is why flashbacks occur in the middle of the storyline. In the present, Lewis has no connection to the involved people of the event. He has quitted teaching after Paul’s death: â€Å"[†¦]on Lewis’s last day, after suggesting he should take some time off. It was the day before Paul Fry was found. † (page 11, lines 120-122) and even though he has an old letter from Anna, he has no contact to her: â€Å"†There’s a letter for you†, his mother shouts. †¦]He’s been there a month now, and[†¦]has had no phone calls, certainly no letters, no nothing at all from Anna. †(page 8, lines 18;21 -22) â€Å"Lewis puts it to his face. He can’t find the scent of her in the words† (page 9, line 40). The letter is definitely from Anna and has lost its scent, which implies that it has had one, but has now faded with time, which means it is old. The remorse of Paul’s death is so strong that it causes him to dream of his dive into the beach.This indicates it was the same day Paul died, and more so does the fact that the boys had never been all the way to Lewis’ place at the beach. The boys went out to beat up Lewis, because as Lewis tells us, he observed Paul being beat up and making no sound – hence, the death of Paul – and they wanted to shut up Lewis. The use of flashbacks throughout the plot keeps the reader at suspense. Lead on by a in media res start, Trezza Azzopardi keeps building up the suspense. The flashbacks are never out of context: they always occur at a setting relevant to it.As a natural follow-up on the flashbacks, Azzopard i’s short story ends with change in the main character’s person. That is why Lewis throws out the pebbles, because for each pebble he has felt his life was difficult. Paul Fry’s incident has haunted him for long enough and he now wants to move on. After he throws away the pebbles, the waves of the beach does not trouble him anymore and he can finally listen to the humming earth, which indicates the change. A change long awaited caused by merely one devastating mistake.

Pop Culture Essay

Movie Genres There are many movie genres out today than there were before in earlier years. Movie genres are basically different types of movies, such as: horror, suspense, mystery, drama ,romance, etc. Today it seems that most peoples favorite movie genre is horrow or action. Action movies have a lot of different stuff in them that is pleasing to the eye. Action movies are typically loud and have a lot of fighting, racing, and adventurous things in the film. Horror movies on the other hand have a lot of scary things in the movies. Their big thing is that the more blood they have the better it is to the audience watching. Even though horror and action may be the top picks of the rest of the country, I have my own genre of movies that I particularly like the best. My favorite genre of movies is romance. In a romance based movie, it is filled with love and a lot of laughter throughout the whole movie. While most romance movies start off bad and end up with a happy ending, some start out good and end good as well. Most romance movies today start out being bad and then it ends up in the happy ending that you suspect from the title of the movie. Romance movies go through every movie genre there is. There is suspense and sometimes a little horror as well. Sometimes, and most of the time, they contain a lot of drama. The best romance movies are the ones full of drama that is fun to watch. Every woman around the world enjoys a good romance movie. Many women around the world love romance movies, including myself. Simply because they meet the cravings that every woman has sometime throughout their lives. Each and every romance movie touches a woman in some way or another. Every girl dreams of having that guy from a love story. They want them to be loving and caring and when we watch these movies we imagine ourselves being the girl in the movie. Some movies, even make a girl feel better after a breakup. However, some of the real love stories can make it worse than ever before. Also, romance movies will make you cry if it is one of those that are filled with sad moments throughout the whole movie. As a girl, sometimes we feel the need to cry, whether it is stress or PMS. The romance movies are a good way to bring out the inner emotions and in the end, make you feel a whole lot better. Drama is another movie genre that gets included into romance movies. Drama can be funny and it can also bring out deeper thoughts and emotions. Everyone and especially women, have a fair share of their love for drama. Women like to gossip and chick flick, love stories are filled with it. Gossiping is a way to let things out and to give out information that can be bad or good. It just depends on who is saying it or what is said. The good thing is, the drama in the romance stories are usually not true. Even though we all get a good laugh at the stupid ones in the movie. In conclusion, romance genre movies are a favorite. They can make you happy or sad or bring out different emotions. Romance movies are twisted with drama along with romance to bring out laughter or anger in the audience. Everyone will have their own personal reaction to every single romance movie that comes out. Therefore, in my opinion, romance genre movies are the best because they contain many qualities that other genres do. Meaning that they satisfy almost every â€Å"craving† that a person has for a good movie.

Passive Voice vs. Active Voice FINALLY Understand the Difference

Passive Voice vs. Active Voice FINALLY Understand the Difference Passive Voice vs. Active Voice: FINALLY Understand the Difference When you look over the following sentences, can you identify the ones written in passive voice and the ones using active voice?The blog post was being published by Reedsy.Reedsy had published the blog post.The blog post is published by Reedsy.The blog post will be published by Reedsy.If you answered: â€Å"The only active sentence is ‘b’† - you are correct! The other three sentences were written using passive voice (and so was this one).This post will show you exactly how to spot passive voice, how to fix it - and also when using passive voice is a-okay! Passive voice vs. active voice: check out the ultimate grammatical showdown here! What is passive voice?A sentence written with passive voice puts emphasis on the person or thing that experiences the action, instead of the person or thing driving the action.For example, consider this line from Douglas Adams’ The Restaurant At The End Of The Universe:â€Å"In the beginning the Universe was created.†The subject of the sentence is â€Å"the Universe.† The action of the sentence is â€Å"created.† Because the subject is receiving the action (the creation is happening to the Universe), this is a passive sentence.Passive sentences are comprised of the auxiliary verb ‘to be’ and the past tense of the main verb. For example:â€Å"Am / Are / Is† + past verb tense - The dog is walked by his owner. â€Å"Am / Are / Is being† + past verb tense - The dogs are being walked by their owners. â€Å"Was / Were† + past verb tense - The dog was walked by his owner. â€Å"Was / Were being† + past verb tense - The dogs were being walked by their owners. â€Å"Will be† + past verb tense - The dog will be walked by its owner. â€Å"Will have been† + past verb tense - The dog will have been walked by its owner. â€Å"Have / Has been† + past verb tense - The dog has been walked by its owner. â€Å"Had been† + past verb tense sThe following sentences all feature the action happening to the subject.â€Å"He was born with a gift of laughter and a sense that the world was made.† - Scaramouche: A Romance Of The French Revolution by Rafael Sabatini (The action â€Å"was born† is happening to the subject â€Å"he.†)â€Å"Scarlet O'Hara was not beautiful, but men seldom realized it when caught by her charm as the Tarleton twins were.† - Gone With The Wind by Margaret Mitchell (The action â€Å"caught by her charm† is happening to a subject â€Å"the Tarleton twins.†)â€Å"When he was nearly thirteen, my brother Jem got his arm badly broken at the elbow.†Ã‚  -   To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee (The action â€Å"got his arm badly broken† is happening to the subject â€Å"Jem.†)â€Å"When Gregor Samsa woke up one morning from unsettling dreams, he found himself changed in his bed into a monstrous vermin.† - The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka (The second part of this sentence sees the action â€Å"changed into a monstrous vermin† happening to subject â€Å"Gregor Samsa.†)What is active voice?Active voice is a sentence or clause that puts emphasis on the person or thing that drives the action, instead of the person or thing experiencing the action.Think of the opening line from George Orwell’s 1984:â€Å"It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.†The subject of the sentence is â€Å"the clocks.† The action of the sentence is â€Å"striking.† Because the subject is driving the action (the clocks are doing the striking), this is an active sentence.Check out further instances of active voice at play in the following examples.Active voice examplesThe following sentences all feature the subject enacting some kind of action.â€Å"It was the day my grandmother exploded.† - The Crow Road by Iain M. Banks (The subject â€Å"grandmother† is doing the action â€Å"exploded†).â€Å"Mother died today.† - The Stranger by Albert Kamus (The subject â€Å"mother† is doing the action â€Å"died.†)â€Å"I write this sitting at the kitchen sink.† - I Capture the Castle by Dodie Smith (The subject â€Å"I† is doing the action â€Å"write† and â€Å"sitting.†)â€Å"You know, at one time, I used to break into pet shops to liberate the canaries.† - Harold and Maud by Colin Higgins (The subject â€Å"I† is doing the action â€Å"break into pet shops† and â€Å"liberate the canaries.†)Active vs passive voice: why is one considered better than the other?It’s not a big secret in the world of grammar that passive voice is often considered as bad form. Supposedly, active voice produces   stronger, more direct sentences that make your writing feel - surprise, surprise - more active.But is passive voice actually grammatically incorrect? Nope! There are definitely times when using the passive voice can enhance a statement’s clarity.When to use passive voiceIf you are writing something that requires objectivity, like a research paper, passive voice can be your friend: It allows you to more easily avoid personal pronouns and to present information in a that sounds unbiased.Or maybe you want to leave the perpetrator behind the action unclear. If the action itself or the thing/person receiving the action is more significant than the p erpetrator, place emphasis on either of those elements by writing a short passive sentence, leaving the driving force of the action out.For example, if you write: â€Å"The woman was sentenced to five years in jail† - the emphasis here is on the fact that the woman has received a sentence of jail. If you were to write: â€Å"The judge sentenced the woman to five years in jail† - the emphasis here is on the judge’s ruling instead.As you can see, passive voice isn’t something you need to avoid at all costs: There are times when it’s the right choice. However, if you’re writing something meant to invite readers in - like a novel, for example - then relying too heavily on passive voice can result in writing that feels a little flat and loses a reader’s interest.To avoid that, let’s take a look at how you can fix the use of passive voice in instances where active will serve you better.How to fix passive voice in 2 easy stepsTo s how you the two fool-proof steps to fixing passive voice, we’ll use the following passive sentence as an example: â€Å"The dress was being made by the tailor.†1. Remove the auxiliary verbAs mentioned, passive sentences often contain some form of the auxiliary verb â€Å"to be.† In this example, the auxiliary verb is â€Å"was being.†Quick note: Not all passive sentences contain an auxiliary verb. For instance, â€Å"The dress was made by the tailor† is still passive, even though it doesn’t contain any tense of â€Å"to be† (in this example, â€Å"was being.†)Take the auxiliary verb out and the sentence becomes:The dress was made by the tailor.But this is still passive, so the next step is to...2. Change the subject of the sentenceThe subject is currently â€Å"the dress† because the action in this sentence is happening to it (â€Å"the dress is being made.†) The subject of this sentence can be changed by attribut ing the action to the person performing it - in this case, the tailor. The sentence now becomes:The tailor made the dress.Congratulations! The subject is now the action-performer, meaning this sentence is now active!Let’s put these two steps into action, and change a few more passive sentences into active ones.Passive: The dinner was cooked by the chef. Active: The chef cooked dinner.Passive: The flowers were being planted by the gardener. Active: The gardener was planting the flowers.Passive: I had been interviewed by the manager. Active: The manager interviewed me.Passive: The students had been graded by the teacher. Active: The teacher was grading the students.Passive: The book was written by the author. Active: The author wrote the book.Passive: The house is being built by the construction workers. Active: The construction workers are building the house. Passive voice vs. active voice: finally understand the difference for once and for all! We hope we’ve helped you understand how to identify and fix passive voice! If you feel like you could still use a hand, you can also turn to automatic passive voice checkers, such as Hemingway, Passive Voice Detector, Analyze My Writing - which are all free and web-based. Simply copy and paste the writing you want to check, and the tool will highlight instances of passive voice for you.How do you feel about the â€Å"active voice is better than passive voice† rule? Leave any thoughts or questions in the comments below!

Harley Davidson Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Harley Davidson Report - Essay Example The customers of Harley Davidson attend events like posse rider mainly because of the attachment they have with Harley Davidson. It is quite possible that if Harley Davidson name is not attached to these events the outcome of these events might very well be decreased. Moreover, these events provide Harley Davidson an opportunity to market their products in a much more convenient and economical manner. These events put Harley Davidson closer to its customers strengthening the bond they share. Strong customer relationships are maintained and this allows new customers to be targeted as well. When the customer of Harley Davidson even share their experience with others, the prospective customers may have a positive image of the brand and they may also value the relationship that the brand has with its customers via the arrangement of such an event. So, it is recommended that they should continue sponsoring Posse Rider event as it seems a profitable investment. Answer The Posse Ride has been profitable for Harley Davidson but the true potential of the event is still to be realized. To fulfill its true potential the strategic heads need to make few alterations to it so that it becomes unavoidable to organize. A well thought out structure of the event needs to be planned. The first step could be to go back to the basics and identify what mistakes had been made in the past. A proper research work will help in the right preparation for the event. Another step they can take is to offer new deals and packages in an effort to increase the worth of the event. A good route to the coast can be selected that will allow riders to enjoy the event and trust the brand's management towards event organizing. The event may add more segments to it which could attract more audience towards it. Lastly, the promotional strategy should be designed carefully.  Ã‚  

Design of goods and Services SLP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Design of goods and Services SLP - Assignment Example ently, this makes the process of product design to be among the most momentous components in product development, given that it involves all the processes that strive to make the business successful. Since product designing progresses from one stage to the other within the organization, it influences the process of decision making in Wal-Mart organization. There is a stage of idea development about the products to be designed in the organization. At this point, the organization’s leaders and parties concerned get into a discussion to identify the relationship between the product to be introduced to the market and the customer expectations in the market. This will compel the organization to conduct a qualitative and quantitative research that tests the ideas of the customers. The competitors for the same product are also closely examined; the suppliers are contacted as one of the sources of important information required by the organization. All the dynamics are taken into contemplation when the product is designed so as to come up with the best and competitive product (Landwehr, Wentzel & Herrmann, 2013). The product development team must sell out the idea with the senior management, and create appropriate awareness within the organization’s departments. The responses received from the stakeholders are then scaled down for implementation by the sales and marketing specialists. It is from this point that sales and marketing specialists make the decisions in relation to the feedbacks. The decisions made are directly linked to the design of the product that is later to be launched for customers to purchase. The product designed should be able to meet all the requirements and desires of the stakeholders into consideration and influence the decision making process of the company (Landwehr, Wentzel & Herrmann, 2013). Product life cycle traces the stages involved in the strategies used by the organization from production to consumption or rather from idea

Rape and sexual assault Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Rape and sexual assault - Essay Example In this paper I would like to examine what is actually meant by sexual assault. I will then study the statistics and finally the law that covers the sexual assault. The CCR website (1997) defines sexual assault as a physical or verbal act that threatens a person’s trust and safety and is sexual in nature. In a sexual assault the victims, either a girl or a boy, indulge into a sexual activity either forcefully or through deceit. Teenagers are more vulnerable to this act. This is the reason for which a number of cases related to adolescent molestation by a relative or a date make the headlines in the newspapers. Sexual assault often leads to other problems in teenagers as well which may include delinquent behavior, school problems, refusal to accept the authority and eating problems. Sexual assault by an acquaintance is the most common category of the assault. The acquaintance may be a close friend, a date, employer, colleague or a relative. In this category it is always the male who perpetrates the female. It is always the perpetrator, who is responsible for the act regardless of the fact what the victim was wearing or if she expressed her disapproval for the act or not. The CCR website (1997) puts 100% responsibility on the perpetrator. Rape is defined as an act of violence where sex is used as a weapon. In most of the cases the rapists fancy their own myths which they believe justify their act. Most of the rapists are of the view that if they spend money on a woman she becomes their rightful property. Others believe that women find it difficult to accept the offer for sex. Therefore they mean yes when they say no. Some others believe that women love to be aggressively pursued by the males (CCR website, 1997). The CA Code (n.d.) explains unlawful sexual intercourse as a sexual activity where the perpetrator indulges in sexual activity with a person other than the spouse and with a person less than eighteen years of

Macbet Act II Scene II Essay Example for Free

Macbet Act II Scene II Essay This scene was one of the most significant, as it the scene where Macbeth murders Duncan, but feels remorse and guilt afterwards. The murder is not shown so that it is left to the audiences imagination. Also, to signify that the murder has taken place, an owl shrieks. This was thought to be a sign of a bad omen, and it suggests that it is upsetting the natural balance of things (at that time people believed that everything had a natural order and to change this would change other things), as even the natural world knows that Duncan has been murdered. Shakespeare creates tension by setting the scene at night so that when Macbeth returned, Lady Macbeth did not know who it was at first and for a moment she thinks that Macbeth had not succeeded in killing Duncan and the attendants had woken up, and she says; thattempt and not the deed confounds us meaning that if Macbeth only tried to murder Duncan and did not succeed then they would be ruined. Macbeths character so far is shown as noble and loyal, as in act 1 scene 2 Macbeth is talked about as being; A good and hardy soldier (line 4). In reward for his greatness, Duncan awards Macbeth the title of Thane of Cawdor (as the witches predicted). Macbeth does have some ambition, because when the witches tell him he is going to be king, he wants to speak more to Banquo about it. However, in his letter to Lady Macbeth, he says; Art not without ambition, but without the illness should attend it meaning that he would like to be king but not attain it by bad deeds. Lady Macbeths thoughts are that she wants Duncan to be killed. She calls on evil spirits to give her the strength to do it; Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here and fill me from the crown to toe topfull of direst cruelty; make thick my blood, stop thaccess and passage to remorse (Act 1 scene 5, lines 39-43) which means evil spirits- make me as strong willed as a man and fill me with cruelty, and make me have no remorse. The setting of act 2 scene 2 is Macbeths castle. This is shown as quit an eerie setting, as you can hear noises from the outside, and it very dark. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are on stage. In lines 1-8, Lady Macbeth is feeling bold, from line 1; That which hath made them drunk, hath made me bold. She comments on how she had drugged the attendants, and she says in lines 7-8; That death and nature do contend about them, whether they live, or die. This shows that she is not really concerned whether they live or die. However, in line 9 she begins to worry that they have been caught, and also says; Had he [Duncan] not resembled my father as he slept, I had donet, showing that she is not completely evil, as she could not murder Duncan as he resembled her father. At the end of the scene she becomes strong, as she takes the daggers from Macbeth (as he brought them back) and goes and puts them back. Macbeths mood is that of distress and remorse. This is shown by the fact that he accidentally brings back the daggers when he was supposed to place the by the attendants. This creates dramatic tension, as this would incriminate Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. At he end of the scene, Macbeth feels he cant live with himself, and says in line 76; To know my deed, twere best not know my self meaning that if he is to acknowledge what he has done, he must assume a new identity, as a murderer, and forget who he really is. Dialogue on and off the stage is that of death. Lady Macbeth tries to reassure Macbeth that he has he has done the right thing, as he is very disturbed about what he has done. The dialogue also shows how the outside and natural world is reacting to what has been done; the owl hooting, the crickets crying, the knocking and also when someone laughed in their sleep and one cried Murder! (Line 25) The effect of these noises reflects the beliefs of that time that to change the natural order of things (how things naturally turn out) is to affect everything. It creates tension by suggesting that the outside world will find out and Macbeth will be punished. The audiences response is that they feel that something supernatural is happening, due to the noises, and to the images Macbeth sees and sounds he hears, like the voice he hears (lines 44-46) saying he will sleep no more. When Macbeth first appears on the scene, his first words are (line 14); I have done the deed. Didst thou not hear a noise? The words I have done the deed suggest that he cannot bring himself to admit what he has done. The words didst thou not hear a noise? suggest that he expected to be caught, and that someone would have heard and come after him. His conversation with Lady Macbeth is that he is in some way shocked about what has happened. He says what he heard, and in lines 38-39, and 33-34, Lady Macbeth talks to him but he doesnt hear her as he is too deep in his own thoughts. Macbeth uses short, sharp sentences; like when?As I descended?Hark, who lies ithsecond chamber?This is a sorry sight (lines 17, 19, 21 and 23), because he is repeating what happened, and he is very distraught about what he has done. This effects the audience by creating tension, as Macbeth seems to have gone mad. In lines 29-36 Macbeth says how he could not pronounce Amen after someone cried God bless us. This shows that Macbeth does not feel he deserves Gods blessings, as he is too evil. In lines 38-46, Macbeth says that he heard a voice saying that he had murdered sleep. This shows his guilt that he will never be able to sleep again, and his remorse, as he shall never have peace from what he has done. Lady Macbeths reaction is to tell him not to keep thinking about these thoughts, and to reassure him. She is aware that they must put the daggers back, so at this point she has no guilt or remorse. When Macbeth comes back after murdering Duncan, he is carrying the daggers he used. This suggests to the audience that he is not in a proper frame of mind, and is still shocked by what he has done. It also suggests that he is not in control. Lady Macbeth had told him to leave them by the attendants to incriminate them. When he comes back, Lady Macbeth tells him to go and put them, back, but when he wont, she does it. This shows that she does not mind blaming innocent people. The audiences reaction is that she is very much in control, and knows what both of them must do. Macbeth will not go back because he says; Ill go no more. I am afraid to think what I have done; look ont again, I dare not. This reveals his guilt because he can hardly comprehend that he has done something so awful. This also shows his conscience, as he says I dare not, showing he does not know what his reaction would be, so knows he is not in control of himself. When Macbeth returns, his hands are red with Duncans blood. Once Lady Macbeth puts the daggers back, her hands are also red. Macbeth says in lines 63-65; Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood clean from my hand? No: this my hand will rather the multitudinous sea incarnadine. This means that he feels that all the seas in the world could not ash the blood off his hands, and that instead his hands would turn all the oceans red, and also that it will never wash off the blood stain on his conscience, so he feels that he will never be as innocent as he was before the murder. Lady Macbeth says in lines 67-68; My hands are of your colour, but I shame to wear a heart so white. The words my hands are of your colour mean that her hands are red, but also that she is now as guilty of the murder as Macbeth is. The words but I shame to wear a heart so white means that she is criticising her husband, by saying that she would not want to be so cold and heartless. The washing of the hands is significant later because Lady Macbeth sleepwalks and washes her hands in her sleep. Macbeths feelings are of extreme guilt and in line 62 he says; What hands are here? Ha: they pluck out mine eyes. This means that he wishes he did not have any eyes so he did not have to see the blood of the man he murdered. At the end of the scene, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth hear knocking. Lady Macbeth does not show any guilt or conscience, as she is only concerned with them getting back to their rooms to not seem suspicious and to get rid of the blood on their hands. Macbeth says how he cannot carry on if he does not forget who he is as he has a bas conscience, and in line 77 he says; Wake Duncan with thy knocking: I would thou couldst. This shows that he wishes Duncan was still alive, so feels guilty about him being dead. The audiences reaction is that they feel slightly sorry for Macbeth, as he was pressured into the murder by Lady Macbeth and know has to live with his guilt. This scene is the turning point of the play, because it is the point of no return; after Duncan is murdered there is no way Macbeth can go back. It is also the start of Macbeths journey from good to evil. At this point his guilt is at its highest, and later he is a bloody tyrant. This is because Lady Macbeth reassures him that once this is done everything will be fine, so he kills because he feels he has to, but later he kills because he is angry (act 4 scene 2). Lady Macbeth also changes. In the beginning, she is in control and has no conscience, but in the end, she is so out of control and so guilty that she kills herself. Her change is also shown by her speech, as in act 2, scene 2, line 70, she says; a little water clears us of this deed, whereas in act 5, scene 1, lines 44-45, she says: all the perfumes in Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. Also, she begins to sleepwalk and acts out washing her hands. Finally, in act 5, scene 9, lines 37-38, Malcolm says about Lady Macbeth; by self and violent hands took off her life. This has a double meaning for the audience, as it means Lady Macbeth killed herself, but it could also be interpreted and by her violence and her guilt (of her blood-stained hands) she killed her soul. The ending of act 2 scene 2 creates dramatic tension by ending with Macbeth and Lady Macbeth both in different frames of mind; Lady Macbeth making sure they dont get caught and Macbeth lost in thought and guilty over what he has done.

Advantages And Limitations Of Topical Negative Pressure Therapy

Advantages And Limitations Of Topical Negative Pressure Therapy Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a new method used for improving wound healing. It influences granulation formation, bacterial colonization, and increasing wound blood flow. Although this method has been used explosively for wound healing, its influences are not cleared enough. So the main aim of this review article is to weight up the benefits and problems associated with this method. Method: An electronic search was done via Pubmed, Embase and ISI web of knowledge data from 1960 to 2010. The abstracts and titles of each paper were analysed and selected according to especial parameters. Result: The results of the relevant literature were characterized based on the benefits and problems associated with use of this method. Discussion: Direct comparison of NPWT with other available method is difficult. Although there are some research to support the effectiveness of using this new method on wound healing, more controlled clinical trials are needed to defiantly prove that the NPWT is less expensive and more effective wound care modality. A wound is defined as a break in the skin which is usually caused by cuts or scraps. The selection of the treatment methods depends upon the severity of the wounds (how serious they are). Healing is a response of the injury that sets into motion a sequence of events. There are classically four stages associated with wound healing which include: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling (Hart, 2002, Stephens and Thomas, 2002, OKane, 2002). Many factors can interact with one or more phases of wound healing process which can facilitate or decrease its rate, such as local and systematic factors. Local factors are those which directly influence characteristics of wound itself, while systematic factors consists of those which related to state of individuals and their abilities regarding wound healing. Some systematic factors include infection, age and sex hormones, stress, diabetic, obesity, medication, alcoholism, smoking and nutrition and using some treatment method such a s Topical wound healing (Guo and DiPietro, 2010, Ranzato, 2009, Urschel et al, 1988, Argenta and Morykwas, 1997, Kirby, 2007). The effects of some factors such as oxygenation, infection, age, stress, medication, obesity, nutrition are well described in the literature and were investigated by many researchers(Guo and DiPietro, 2010, Shepherd et al, 2006, Lioupis, 2005). However, using some parameters such as topical negative pressure therapy (TNPT) is new method for wound healing (Miryam et al, 1999, Kirby, 2007). Pressure is one important parameter which can influence wound healing. In one side, it can decrease the speed of healing as produce skin ulcers in some patients suffering from stroke and spinal cord injury and those who need to be in bed for a long time. In other side, it can be used to facilitate the wound healing process, especially in chronic wound (Miryam et al, 1999, Argenta and Morykwas, 1997, Evans and Land, 2001). In contrast to other available methods, this procedure is a little bit new so the main aim of this review article was to review the relevant literature regarding TNPT and its influ ences on wound healing. Moreover, it was aimed to show the positive and the side effects of using this method. Method: An electronic search was done via the Pubmed, Embase and ISI web of knowledge data from 1960 to 2010. The abstracts and titles of each individual study were assessed by author. A first selection of relevant literature article was done based on weather the title and abstract addressed the research question of interest. Figure 1 shows the stages which were selected in this review process. The second selection of the articles was done according to the following criteria: experiment practice published in English addressing using this method on wound healing Figure 1: The stages which were selected in this research study The results of the various research studies were characterized based on mechanism of action, the instrument used and the benefits and problems associated with the use of this method. Result: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is also known as Tropic Negative Pressure (TNP) used as a non pharmacological treatment for chronic and actuate wounds, such as pressure ulcers, diabetic wounds, abdominal and trauma wounds (Argenta and Morykwas, 1997, Evans and Land, 2001, Kirby, 2007, Miryam et al, 1999). What is NPWT? This method of treatment based on this idea to turn the open wound into a close one. Moreover, it is possible to remove the excess fluid from the wound. Although, this method has been used exclusively in UK since 1995, the idea behind this method is not new. For nearly more than 50 years suction drainage has been used. It has been reported that continues suction, negative pressure drainage serve as an excellent atmospheric bandage in subcutaneous surgical procedure and help to increase the speed of wound healing. The concept was based on mechanics of physics. The application of controlled subatomospheric pressure causes mechanical stress to the tissues. The new vessels are constructed with in the tissue and the wound is drawn closed. It should be noted that the degree of pressure to the wound tissue is small, but when all areas of the wound work togheter in an efford to close toward the centre point, the effects of negative pressure become impressive and results in quicker healing an d resolution. This system consists of non adherent, porous wound dressing (polyurethane foam or gauze dress) and a drainage system which are attached to each others by use of a transparent film. The foam is connected to a VAC vacuum pump through an evacuation tube. The suction guarantee a continues vacuum in the polyurethane foam producing a high contact zone in wound foam interface. It is required to change the foam every 2 days. The system is commercially available in UK since 1995 and has been used significantly for wound healing. Figure 2 shows various components of this system. Figure 2: The NPWT system used for improving wound healing ( adapted from (Miryam et al, 1999) with permission NPWT has three forms which differ based on the type of dress used, such as Bio Dome, gauze and foam. The polyurethane foam was used first by Morkey and Argenta in 1997. It has been reported that the foam can be easily cut according to the wound size, especially those which has a regular contour and used when better granulation formation and wound contraction is a desirable goals. However, gauze can be used for sensitive and irregular wounds. The type of selected foam is based on the type of wound as is mentioned in table 1. The foam is placed into the defect and the area is covered with adhesive drape. The suction generate a continues vacuum in the foam, producing a high contact zone in wound foam interface so a vacuum seal is achieved. It should be mentioned that the negative pressure applied on the wound is 125 mm HG below ambient that is transmitted to the wound in a controlled manner. The selected pressure in this system is based on especial guidelines as shown in table 2. Wound Description Poly- urethane (black foam) Polyvinyl- alcohol (soft foam) Both Either Deep, acute wounds with moderate granulation tissue growth X X Deep wounds with extremely rapid growth in granulation tissue Deep pressure ulcers X Superficial wounds X Postgraft therapy X Fresh grafts X Compromised flaps X Tunneling/sinus tracts/undermining X Diabetic ulcers X Dry wounds X X Deep trauma wounds X Superficial trauma wounds Table 1: The types of the foam used in NPWT system Wound Type Target Pressure Poly-urethane Target Pressure Polyvinyl- alcohol Acute/traumatic wound 125 mm Hg 125-175 mm Hg Surgical wound dehiscence 125 mm Hg 125-175 mm Hg Meshed graft 75-125 mm Hg 125 mm Hg Pressure ulcer 125 mm Hg 125-175 mm Hg Chronic ulcer (diabetic/arterial vascular) 50-75 mm Hg 125-175 mm Hg Fresh flap 125 mm Hg 125-175 mm Hg Compromised flap 125 mm Hg 125-175 mm Hg Table 2: The selected negative pressure used in NPWT based on the type of foam used Evidences regarding NPWT: There are some evidences regarding the positive effects of using NPWT on wound healing. The main advantages of this treatment method include: provision of moist wound healing environment removal of the fluids and infection material which help the wound to heal speedy assisted profusion decreased bacterial colonisation enhance formation of granulation tissue rapid cell division increased blood flow increased number of active fibroblasts and macrophages enhance epidermal cell formation decreased harmful chronic wound fluid reduced the number of dressing changes and decrease damage to underlined tissue provision of mechanical approximation of wound edges promotion of viscoelastic flow due to tissue stretch limitation of zone of injury after orthopaedic trauma splinting effect Indication and contraindication of using NPWT: The foot and drug administration (FDA) approved this method for treatment of non healing wounds. Then it has been extended to include chronic, acute, and traumatic and sub acute wounds, flaps and grafts. In the United State of America the following contraindications have been considered in this regard: wound with necrotic tissue untreated osteomyelities fistulas to organs or body cavities placement directly over exposed veins and arteries malignancy within wound What are the problems associated with NPWT: The following problems have been mentioned in the literature regarding NPWT: patients may experience discomfort or pain when the foam dressing is changed topical skin problem may arise during use overgrowth of geast or Candida infection skin stripping and sub epidermal granulation foam removal frequently results in trauma to wound in the form of minor capillary and granulation tissue disruption achieving and maintaining a vacuum seal can be difficult at times staff must be well trained and educated Discussion: There are over 325 publications on NPWT wound healing method, including 15 randomized clinical trials. However, it can not be concluded strongly that the system results in faster wound healing than other conventional methods or provides cost effective despite much greater material cost. It has been reported that using this method enhances bacterial clearance which improves the speed of wound healing. When microorganisms enter to wound, consume the nutrition and oxygen which otherwise directed toward tissue repair. When the amount of wound infection decreases (reducing bacterial loads) the healing capacity improves (the blood used for wound repairing). However, in the research undertaking by.. on 25 patients reviewed respectively, it was found that using this method dose not have any effects on bacterial clearance. Moreover, bacterial colonization increases significantly with this therapy and remains in the range of. Improvement in Granulation tissue formation was another advantage mentioned in using this method for wound healing. Granulation is a small blood useless and connective tissue in the base of the wound. A well granulation wound provides an optimal bed for epidermal migration and for skin grafts as a newly formed capillary incorporate the transplanted skin. Studies have shown that granulation tissue formation is enhanced by negative pressure by virtue of interstitial fluid resolution and resulting increase in circulation. In the research done by .. on 162 patients it was shown that NPWT improves the proportion and rate of wound healing after partial foot amputation in patients with diabetics. Nearly 56% of the patients using this method achieved a comparable closure during 16 weeks assessments compared with 39% in control group. In the other research done by Blume et al (2008) the safety and clinical efficiency of this new method was compared with Advanced Moist Wound Therapy (AMWT) to treat foot ulcers in diabetic patients on 342 patients. It was found that a greater proportion of foot ulcers achieved by this method in contrast to other method (43.2% compared to 28.9%). The time of therapy was the other considered parameter in this research. The time of therapy was a little bit less in this method. Regarding the safety of the two methods there was no significant difference. Morie et al carried out a literature review based research regarding the effectiveness of this method. They mentioned that although many controlled and non randomized studies describing the effectiveness of this new method, few prospective randomized control trials have been published. They claimed that the researches in this field have lots of problems such as: small sample size, variable outcome measure across studies, significant methodological problems. So it is not possible to have a strong conclusion regarding the effects of this method in contrast to other methods. They suggest that other research must be done regarding the effect of this method on healing, cost of care, patient pain and quality of life in contrast to other methods. Gregor et al have undertaken another literature review regarding the effect of using this method. They also concluded that although there seems to be some evidences regarding the effects of this method on wound healing outcome as a main outcome, they are insufficient to clearly prove an additional clinical benefit of this method. Cost consideration: wound care is an expensive endeavour. The range of pressure ulcers which is one of the main complication of being in bed for a long time is between 2000 and 70,000 per wound. NPWT decreases the cost regarding wound healing through a decrease in the number of dressing changes required. Moreover, the supervisory role of the trained nurses would be decrease to perform dressing change. According to the results of a research the long term cost of NPWT was lower and output was better when compared with standard wound care method. In another research study it was shown that the cost of wound healing was decreased by 38% in contrast to other method, as the healing occur by 61% faster than using gauze dressing method. Conclusion: The review of the relevant literature stated that the available evidences can not be used to determine a significant therapeutic distinction of NPWT method in contrast to other methods. There are over 325 publications on this method however only 15 randomized clinical trials compare the new method with other available methods. It is concluded that the available research studies can not support the effectiveness of this method on wound healing. It should be mentioned that direct comparison of NPWT to a particular type of dressing would be difficult as it is unlikely that a single dressing type would be appropriate through out entire healing process. As there is not enough research which directly focus on the effects of this method on wound healing, and safety according to wound type, the author of this article represent a need for a large high quality randomized studies. Moreover, it is recommended to evaluate the effects of this method based on the used components.